City Pairings

Warm-Summer Continental cities (Dfb)

Dfb is warm-summer continental: distinct seasons with warm (not scorching) summers, cold winters, and year-round moisture.

33 cities in this zone on the atlas. January highs run from -12°C to 0°C; July highs from 21°C to 29°C (roster normals).

Largest roster city: Moscow, Russia ≈ Oslo, Norway.

• Astana, Kazakhstan ≈ Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
• Augusta, Maine ≈ Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Bismarck, North Dakota ≈ Hohhot, China
• Buffalo, New York ≈ Geneva, Switzerland
• Calgary, Alberta, Canada ≈ Erzurum, Türkiye
• Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada ≈ Helsinki, Finland
• Concord, New Hampshire ≈ Canberra, Australia
• Duluth, Minnesota ≈ Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
• Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ≈ Yekaterinburg, Russia
• Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada ≈ Duluth, Minnesota
• Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ≈ Hakodate, Japan
• Helsinki, Finland ≈ Hakodate, Japan
• Kazan, Russia ≈ Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
• Kyiv, Ukraine ≈ Lyon, France
• Lansing, Michigan ≈ Sofia, Bulgaria
• Madison, Wisconsin ≈ Lanzhou, China
• Minsk, Belarus ≈ Oslo, Norway
• Montpelier, Vermont ≈ Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
• Montreal, Québec, Canada ≈ Kazan, Russia
• Moscow, Russia ≈ Oslo, Norway
• Novosibirsk, Russia ≈ Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
• Oslo, Norway ≈ Minsk, Belarus
• Ottawa, Ontario, Canada ≈ Duluth, Minnesota
• Quebec, Québec, Canada ≈ Kazan, Russia
• Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada ≈ Irkutsk, Russia
• Saint Petersburg, Russia ≈ Oslo, Norway
• Sapporo, Japan ≈ New York City, New York
• St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada ≈ Juneau, Alaska
• Tallinn, Estonia ≈ Hamburg, Germany
• Toronto, Ontario, Canada ≈ Venice, Italy
• Vilnius, Lithuania ≈ Berlin, Germany
• Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ≈ Astana, Kazakhstan
• Yekaterinburg, Russia ≈ Edmonton, Alberta, Canada